Cellula e genoma, test di 11 quesiti a risposta multipla in inglese tipo C

Cells and genomes

Test C1

It is a model organism used to study various cell processes such as regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Mutants are available for every gene in its exceptionally small genome. It can live indefinitely in either a haploid or a diploid state. Which of the following describes this organism?

• It can reproduce only asexually.
• It is a fungus.
• It lacks a cell wall.
• Its cell cycle is typically much slower than that of human cells.
• All of the above

Question 2

It is a model organism used to study various eukaryotic cell and developmental processes such as cell division and cell death. Its hermaphrodite adult is composed of exactly 959 somatic (non-germ) cells, the lineage of each of which has been worked out with great precision. It is approximately 1 mm long. Which of the following describes this organism?

• It is a vertebrate.
• It is a plant pathogen that destroys many crops.
• Its genome codes for a few thousand genes.
• It can fly.
• It can be frozen indefinitely in a state of suspended animation.

Question 3

It is a model organism used to study various cell and developmental processes such as the growth of developing body parts in the right place and with the correct shape. It develops from a fertilized egg to an adult in a little over a week, and has been a favorite of geneticists for almost a century. Some of its cells have giant chromosomes whose banding patterns have been extremely helpful in classical genetic studies. Which of the following describes this organism?

• It is a vertebrate.
• Its genome is only 10 million nucleotide pairs long.
• There are many more duplicate genes in this organism compared to humans.
• Although useful for genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms governing its development are irrelevant to human development.
• It normally only reproduces sexually.

Question 4

This model organism is particularly well suited for studying developmental processes in higher animals. It develops from a fertilized egg to an adult in only two to three months, and its body is transparent for the first two weeks, making it easy to observe cell behavior during development. Which of the following describes this organism?

• It is a vertebrate.
• It is well suited for genetic analysis.
• Its early stages of development occur outside of the mother's body.
• Its genome size is almost half that of humans.
• All of the above.

Question 5

Judged by the average number of nucleotide-pair differences per 1000 nucleotide pairs, which of the following pairs show the highest difference?

• The genomes of S. cerevisiae and M. musculus
• The genomes of two different E. coli strains
• The ribosomal RNA genes from human and E. coli
• The transfer