Concetti Chiave
- The verb 'say' is typically followed by a subject pronoun, while 'tell' is followed by an object pronoun.
- In reported speech, present simple changes to past simple, e.g., "I live in a flat" becomes "She said she lived in a flat."
- Present continuous tense converts to past continuous in reported speech, such as "I am leaving" to "He said he was leaving."
- Both past simple and present perfect change to past perfect, e.g., "I ate a lot" becomes "He said he had eaten a lot."
- Modal verbs 'will' and 'can' change to 'would' and 'could' respectively in reported speech.
To say – said – said = dire
To tell – told – told = raccontare
1) Present simple = Past simple
es. She said: “I live in a flat” = She said (that) she lived in a flat
2) Present continuos = Past continuos
es. He said:” I am leaving on Sunday ==> He said (that) he was leaving on Sunday
3) Past simple/present perfect = Past perfect
es. (Past Simple) He said: "I ate a lot" = He said (that) he had eaten a lot
es. (Present Perfect) He said: "Mr Bob has left" = He said (that) Mr Bob had left
4) Will = would
es. She said: "I will help you" = She said (that) I would help me
5) To be going to = Was/Were going to
es. You said:” I am going to leave” = You said (that) you were going to leave
6) Can = Could
es. She said: "I can swim" = She said (that) she could swim
Use of 'say' and 'tell'
Quando si usa il verbo To Say, questo viene seguito da un pronome personale soggetto (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
Quando usiamo il verbo tell, questo viene seguito da un pronome personale complemento (me, you, him, her, it, us, uoy, them)
Entrambi possono essere seguiti da un nome proprio
Domande da interrogazione
- How do you transform present simple statements into reported speech?
- What is the rule for converting 'will' in direct speech to reported speech?
- How do 'say' and 'tell' differ in their usage with pronouns?
To transform present simple statements into reported speech, you change the verb to past simple. For example, "She said: 'I live in a flat'" becomes "She said (that) she lived in a flat."
In reported speech, 'will' is converted to 'would'. For instance, "She said: 'I will help you'" becomes "She said (that) I would help me."
'Say' is followed by a subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), while 'tell' is followed by an object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them). Both can also be followed by a proper noun.
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