Mondo del calcio visto da un addetto ai lavori - Tesina per Istituto Tecnico Commerciale

Pinzauti Jacopo

Tesina di diploma di Pinzauti Jacopo

Anno scolastico 2011/2012

Istituto Tecnico Commerciale e per Geometri Piero Calamandrei

Il calcio

The Hooligans

El Nacionalismo Vasco

L’intégration raciale en France

Umberto Saba: introduzione

Carlo Carrà – Partita di calcio

La scelta di trattare quest’argomento per l’Esame di Stato dipende moltissimo dal fatto che, in prima persona, vivo oggi all’interno di questo mondo come allenatore e vi ho trascorso parte della mia infanzia e della mia adolescenza come giocatore.

All’inizio non credevo che sarei riuscito ad affrontare il calcio in funzione della scuola ma, approfondendo le mie ricerche, mi sono dovuto ricredere. Ho trovato moltissimi collegamenti, alcuni impensabili, come per quanto riguarda l’arte, altri di attualità come in francese, inglese e spagnolo, ed uno addirittura per la letteratura italiana.

Sono rimasto impressionato dal fatto che un argomento come questo potesse avere anche aspetti culturali, di attualità ed artistici.

Come allenatore credo che il calcio possa essere considerato una scuola di vita: per quello che mi riguarda, cerco sempre di trasmettere ai ragazzi, di circa 10 anni, che alleno la passione, la tolleranza, lo spirito di gruppo, il rispetto per le regole e la fiducia reciproca.

Non sempre si raggiunge il proprio obiettivo, ma l’importante è non smettere mai di correre e di sperare di poter segnare un goal, così come nella vita; non bisogna mai smettere di provare ad ottenere quello che ci siamo prefissati, anche se talvolta non ci riusciamo.

The Hooligans

“If you are English and you like football, then you must be a drunken hooligan…” This was the recurring phrase, the chorus that resounded among the fans of English football in the 70’s and 80’s.

The term “hooligan” indicates a person with a violent, undisciplined and rebellious behaviour. There are many possibilities with regards to its origins; it may come from the criminal Patrick Hooligan, who lived in the capital of Great Britain or from “Hooley’s Gang”, a goon squad coming from the London district of Islington, or from “Hooley”, a word meaning a “crazy party”. The only thing that is certain is that it appeared for the first time in 1898, in a statement of claims made by the Metropolitan Police in London. From the beginning of the 60’s, many youth gangs fell under the category of “hooligans”.

It is often used in the world of football to indicate the most rough and violent supporters. The Hooligan phenomenon is widespread especially in England, Scotland, France, Holland and Sweden, differing from the Southern European “Ultras”.

In the UK, the phenomenon was not particularly related to politics. In fact, it concerned a feeling of pride amongst the fans towards their teams and a sense of common roots among them. Tottenham, for example, boasted many supporters within the Jewish community. This lead to several taunts from the supporters of other teams. However, there existed lots of supporters who kept showing political ideas, like those of Millwall (the Bushwackers), Chelsea (the Headhunters) and sometimes West Ham (the Hammers). Differently, Liverpool supporters waved lots of flags before matches, among which there were some customized Ex-Soviet Union flags, which were chosen because of the red colour, rather than for political reasons, because red is the Liverpool’s team colour.

Juventus – Liverpool, 29^th of May 1985: Heysel Stadium Disaster

The Heysel Stadium Disaster was a tragedy which happened on 29^th of May 1985, just one hour before the beginning of the Champions League Final between Juventus and Liverpool, at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels, in which 39 people died, 32 of them were Italians, and 600 were injured.

The choice of the Heysel Stadium was criticized by both the teams; the building was old and without any suitable emergency exits. The pitch and the stands were untreated, the walls old and fragile because of the bad maintenance of the toilette drainage system.

The Italian supporters were meant to go to the sector N of the stadium, the opposite zone was that of the Liverpool supporters. Many others were, instead, in the sector Z, separated by only two improper metallic nets, from the Liverpool supporters’ zone. Some Chelsea supporters, well known for their violent behaviour, went too.

About one hour before the beginning of the match, the roughest English supporters started moving toward the sector Z, trying to beat the barrier down. In the rush, some people threw themselves away from the crowd to avoid being flattened by the mass, others tried to overcome the obstacles to go in the next sector, and others were seriously injured while pushed against the walls. At one point, a part of the stadium collapsed because of the excessive weight, and lots of people were flattened or killed during their way to the emergency exits.

The speaker and the captains of both teams tried to calm the people down, but only a few understood what was happening.

The survivors asked the journalists to call in Italy, to reassure their relatives.

The number of the dead was 39; 32 Italians, 4 Belgians, 2 Frenchmen and 1 Irishman. The number of injured was more than 600.

It was decided to play the game anyway, which was then won by Juventus.

After this episode, 15 English teams (Everton, Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur, Southampton, Norwich City, West Ham Sheffield Wednesday, Oxford United, Coventry City, Arsenal, Wimbledon, Nottingham Forest, Luton Town and Derby County) were disqualified, and couldn’t take part in UEFA Competitions for five years (except Liverpool which could not participate for one more year).

During the Champions League 2004/2005, the draw paired Juventus and Liverpool in the quarterfinal. It was the first time that those teams were one against the other, after 20 years. Before the match the Liverpool supporters showed a banner saying “friendship”, translated in Italian, “amicizia”.

On the occasion of the 20^th jubilee, on 29^th of May 2005, Juventus and Liverpool youth teams played a friendly match to commemorate what had happened in that tragic night.

Many films have been made about the topic of Hooligans like: The Incident (1967), A Clockwork Orange (1971), The Firm (1988), I.D. (1995), Hooligans (1995), The Football Factory (2004), Green Street (2005), Rise of the Footsoldier (2007), Cass (2008), Green Street 2: Stand Your Ground (2009), Awaydays (2009), The Firm (2009).

Nacionalismo Vasco

“¡Estáis en el Paìs Vasco, no en España!”; este es uno de los mensajes que se pueden encontrar caminando por las calles del País Vasco.

El nacionalismo vasco es un movimiento político que sostiene la autonomía y la total independencia de Paìs Vasco del resto de la peninsula. Este tiene gran apoyo más en España que en Francia.

Historia