Concetti Chiave
- In 1660, Charles II returned from exile to restore the monarchy after the Republic's collapse.
- James II's Catholicism and succession concerns led to William and Mary's joint rule in 1689, establishing a Constitutional Monarchy.
- The Bill of Rights in 1689 limited the king's power, requiring Parliament's consent for taxes and army maintenance.
- The Tories, formed in 1679-80, supported the divine right of the monarch and opposed religious toleration, later becoming the Conservative Party.
- The Whigs, evolving from Parliamentarians, advocated for commercial development and religious toleration, eventually forming the Liberal Party.
Restoration of the monarchy
After Cromwell's death, the Republic began to collapse
- In 1660, Charles II was asked by the Parliament to go back from his exile
- His court was the most immoral ever
2 Catastrophes happened in London:
Bubonic Plague
Great Fire
James II succeeded his brother Charles
He was Catholic and had a son from his second wife
The Parliament feared a Catholic succession so they called William of Orange (his wife Mary, was James' older daughter)
James II fled abroad
1689 - Mary and William estabkished as "Joint Monarchs"
1689 - Bill of Rights was signed, for which:
The king couldn't raise taxes
He also couldn't keep an army without the consent of the Parliament
England Became a Constitutional Monarch
Formation of the Tories
Tories
Formed in 1679-80
Their name derived from the 17th Century Irish outlaws who killed English settlers
They believed in the divine right of the monarch
They opposed religious toleration
The Church of England and the landowners supported them
In 1832 they became the "Conservative Party"
Whigs
Their name derced from "Cattle Drivers"
They were descendants of The Parliamentarians
They were supported by the wealthy and commercial classes
They fought for: industrial and commercial development, vigorous foreign policy and religious toleration
They became the "Liberal Party" in 1860s
The meetings of Whigs ministers gave origin to the Cabinet
Domande da interrogazione
- What events led to the restoration of the monarchy in England?
- What were the origins and beliefs of the Tories, and how did they evolve over time?
After Cromwell's death, the Republic began to collapse, leading to Charles II being invited back from exile by Parliament in 1660, marking the restoration of the monarchy.
Formed in 1679-80, the Tories derived their name from Irish outlaws and believed in the divine right of the monarch, opposing religious toleration. Supported by the Church of England and landowners, they evolved into the Conservative Party by 1832.
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