From the Taxation of Edward I to the Rise of the Tudors: Wars and Revolts

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di rockqueen
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This educational overview explores the historical evolution from Edward I's taxation reforms to the Tudor rise, detailing significant events like the Hundred Years' War, the Black Death, and the Peasants' Revolt that reshaped England's society and governance.

Concetti Chiave

  • Edward I introduced the principle of "no taxation without representation" by requiring shires and towns to send representatives, forming the House of Commons.
  • Edward III appointed justices of the peace to handle minor crimes, decentralizing judicial powers locally.
  • The 14th-century rivalry with France, particularly over the wool trade, led to the Hundred Years' War where the English initially succeeded using the longbow.
  • The Black Death halted the war and decimated a third of England's population, leading to unrest due to high war taxes and culminating in the Peasants' Revolt.
  • The Wars of the Roses from 1455 to 1485 ended with the rise of the Tudors, marking a new era in English history.

Discussion on Taxation

Edward I wanted to discuss the question of taxation with the gentry and the merchants. Each shire and each town had to sent two representatives to the council and in this way there was no taxation without representation. The council became the House of Commons. Edward III, because the royal courts could not cover all the minor crimes, he appointed justices of the peace and gave them local powers.

Rivalry with France

In the 14th century rivalry with France was strong and France was trying to spoil England's wool trade with Flanders. The Hundred years' war had begun.

The first phase of the war went to the English, who used a new weapon, the long bow. In the same years the Black Death reached southern England and quickly spread to the north. The war was stopped but a third of the population died for the plague. The heavy taxes which finaced the war caused discontent among the rural labourers. The tension reached its climax with the Peasants's Revolt. The rebels reached London and demanded the abolition of the feudal system. They obtained a rent instead of feudal service.

Civil Wars and the Rise of the Tudors

France defeated on the English in 1453 and the war was over. From 1455 to 1485 England was the scene of a series of civil wars, known as the wars of the Roses. In the end, Tudor rule had begun in England.

Domande da interrogazione

  1. How did Edward I ensure representation in taxation matters?

    2. Edward I ensured representation in taxation by requiring each shire and town to send two representatives to the council, which later became the House of Commons, thus establishing the principle of "no taxation without representation."

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