Concetti Chiave
- The Celts were warrior tribes from Northern Europe who settled in Britain between 500 and 100 BC, forming clans and tribes with distinct social structures.
- Celtic society featured gender equality, with women having the freedom to choose marriage partners, and relied on oral transmission for cultural practices.
- The Roman conquest of Britain began in 43 AD, leading to the development of cities with organized street networks, forums, and public baths.
- Romans constructed extensive roads and significant monuments, including Hadrian's Wall, and established Londinium (modern-day London) as a key urban center.
- Stonehenge, located near Salisbury, England, is an ancient monument part of a complex sacred landscape, with stones transported from distances up to 140 miles.
Origins and Life of the Celts
The Celts were tribes of warriors from Northern Europe. They gradually settled in Britain between about 500 and 100 BC. They built hill forts that consisted of a small ditch and bank surrounding a hilltop. The basic unit of the Celtic life is the clan; clans joined together with other clans to form tribes, each with its own social structure and customs. Celts lived in huts made of timber with thatched roofs. They practised agriculture when they were not fighting in wars. Women were almost equal to men. They could choose the man they wanted to marry. The culture transmission was oral. They worshipped the natural elements like the sun, the moon and the water. The druids were politicians, doctors and religious leaders. They didn’t go to war or pay tribute.
Roman Conquest of Britain
In the years 43-46 AD Roman conquer Britain. Romans built cities with their model: they contained a regular network of streets; they were surrounded by stonewalls. The cities had a forum too, a town hall called “basilica” and public baths, opened to both sexes. The Romans built over 9600 kilometres of roads; they were very well built. Possibly the most important Roman monument in Britain is Hadrian’s Wall, a defensive fortification and customs barrier from the east coast to the west coast, between England and Scotland. The Romans found the city of London (called Londinium) in 43 AD. A bridge was built across the River Thames; this first bridge proved a convenient central point for the new roads network which soon spread out like a fan from the crossing place.
Stonehenge Monument
Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located on a chalky plain in north of the modern-day city of Salisbury, England. Research shows that the site has continuously evolved over a period of about 10,000 years. It was built between roughly 5,000 and 4,000 years ago and that forms just one part of a larger, and highly complex, sacred landscape. The biggest of Stonehenge’s stones were brought from Marlborough (20 miles away). Smaller stones come from several different sites in western Wales, having been transported as far as 140 miles.
Domande da interrogazione
- What were the key aspects of Celtic society and lifestyle?
- What is the significance of the Stonehenge monument?
The Celts were tribes from Northern Europe who settled in Britain between 500 and 100 BC. Their society was organized into clans and tribes, with a strong oral culture and a focus on agriculture and warfare. Women had significant rights, including choosing their spouses. Druids played important roles as politicians, doctors, and religious leaders.
Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located near Salisbury, England, with a history spanning about 10,000 years. Built between 5,000 and 4,000 years ago, it is part of a larger sacred landscape. The stones were transported from distances up to 140 miles, indicating its importance and the complexity of its construction.
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