Aggettivi e Passivo

Aggettivi

-ING: Una situazione in cui si trova una persona o cosa.

Es: Interesting: An interesting lesson (una lezione interessante).

-ED: Esprime un modo di essere o sentire.

Es: Interested: I'm interested in art (sono interessato all'arte).

Il passivo

La frase può essere attiva o passiva. Nella frase attiva l'enfasi viene posta sull'azione del soggetto. Nella frase passiva o non si conosce il soggetto, oppure non viene posta nessuna enfasi su quest'ultimo. Quando si trasforma una frase attiva in passiva, i tempi verbali cambiano, così come il soggetto diventa il complemento oggetto.

Frase attiva: soggetto + verbo + complemento oggetto.

Es: Builds this house.

Frase passiva: soggetto + verbo (si aggiunge sempre il participio passato) + compl. spec.

Es: This house is built by him.

Simple present

Bob eats a cake. Bob stops the car.

A cake is eaten by Bob. The car is stopped by Bob.

Is: presente verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato.

Simple past

Bob ate a cake. Bob stopped the car.

A cake was eaten by Bob. The car was stopped by Bob.

Was: simple past del verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato.

Present perfect

Bob has eaten a cake. Bob has stopped a car.

A cake has been eaten by Bob. The car has been stopped by Bob.

Has: presente verbo essere. Been: participio passato verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato del verbo che segue.

Past perfect

Bob had eaten a cake. Bob had stopped the car.

A cake had been eaten by Bob. The car had been stopped by Bob.

Had: passato verbo avere. Been: participio passato verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato del verbo che segue.

Present continuous

Bob is eating a cake. Bob is stopping the car.

A cake is being eaten by Bob. The car is being stopped by Bob.

Is: presente verbo essere. Being: gerundio verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato.

Past continuous

Bob was eating a cake. Bob was stopping the car.

A cake was being eaten by Bob. The car was being stopped by Bob.

Was: simple past del verbo essere. Being: gerundio verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato.

Futuro (will)

Bob will eat a cake. Bob will stop the car.

A cake will be eaten by Bob. The car will be stopped by Bob.

Will: futuro. Be: infinito verbo essere. Stopped: participio passato.

Futuro (be going to)

Bob is going to eat a cake. Bob is going to stop the car.

A cake is going to be eaten by Bob. The car is going to be stopped by Bob.