Concetti Chiave
- The return of Ferdinand VII marked the end of the liberal Cortes of Cadiz, restoring Jesuits and the Inquisition, and challenging the 1812 Constitution.
- In Italy, inspired by the Spanish insurrection, the Kingdom of Naples rebelled, demanding the Spanish constitution, while Sicily sought independence.
- In Turin, political upheaval led to the temporary regency of Carlo Alberto, who granted a constitution later disavowed by Carlo Felice with Austrian support.
- International interventions saw Austria acting against revolutions in Italy, with France dealing with insurgents in Spain, while England abstained.
- In Russia, the succession crisis after Tsar Alexander I led to a brief soldier revolt, which was brutally suppressed by Nicholas I.
What was the Return of Ferdinand VII?
The return of Ferdinand VII in Madrid had put an end to the passionate debates of the Cortes of Cadiz, rejecting the 1812 Constitution absolution, restoring the Jesuits and reviving the Inquisition, which had been abolished by the French in 1808.
There were two factors played in favor of the liberals:
a) the intense propaganda of the Carbonari
b) The revolution for independence in the Spanish colonial empire in America.
In fact, the military refused to fight overseas unless the sovereign had not supported the constitution of 1812. So the king put the constitution and called the Cortes in Cadiz.
Insurrections in Italy
The implications Spanish insurrection occurred mainly in Italy.
The kingdom of Naples was the first to rebel.
The squadron of cavalry stationed at Nola rose to cries "Long live the king, want the constitution of Spain."
Immediately, the commanders, who belonged to the Carbonari, sided with the rebels and the king had to grant the constitution.
In Palermo, however, the rebels rejected the Constitution to proclaim the independence of Sicily, sending a group of Neapolitan troops suppressed the rebels.
In Turin, Count Santorre Santarosa backed by Prince Charles Albert of Savoy, organized a bike.
When Vittorio Emmanuele I abdicated in favor of Carlo Felice, who at the time was in Sardinia, the government offered the regency to Carlo Alberto, who granted the constitution. Carlo Felice, not just taken possession of the kingdom, disavowed the elaborate Carlo Alberto for help to Austria.
International Interventions
Austria was opposed to revolutions, that scombussolavano sorting predetermined during the Congress of Vienna.
Assembly convened in the quadruple alliance (Austria, England, France, Russia), the English minister Castlereagh refused to be part of issues that did not interest his country.
So again convened a meeting in Ljubljana in 1821, and attended by the King of Naples, it was decided that Austria would help both the kingdom of Naples, which the House of Savoy, while France would fight against insurgents in Spain.
Attempt in Russia
A last attempt was made in Russia. On the death of Tsar Alexander I, had left no heir and next of kin were the Grand Duke Constantine and Nicholas I.
Constantine left the state in the hands of Nicholas I.
The parade for the new king (Nicholas I), 3000 soldiers revolted, but the Tsar opened fire bloodily suppressing the rebellion.
Domande da interrogazione
- What were the consequences of Ferdinand VII's return to power in Spain?
Ferdinand VII's return to Madrid ended the debates of the Cortes of Cadiz, rejected the 1812 Constitution, restored the Jesuits, and revived the Inquisition, which had been abolished by the French in 1808.
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