Concetti Chiave
- During the Victorian era, England saw reduced political conflict and achieved significant democratic progress, positioning the country as a leader in reforms.
- The Irish Question centered on Ireland's struggle for autonomy, leading to the Home Rule approval in 1912, though full independence was only partially realized in 1921.
- Constitutional restructuring involved abolishing special labor legislation, enabling strikes and picketing, and expanding voting rights to agricultural workers.
- Tax reforms introduced progressive income and inheritance taxes, shifting the financial burden to the upper classes and altering power dynamics in Parliament.
- The Labour Party's establishment in Parliament marked an expansion of social legislation and social insurance, reflecting a shift towards collective management of public services.
Reforms and measures in the second half of the nineteenth century England, during the Victorian era
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Tell
The England of the second half of
The England of the second half of the nineteenth century, which coincides with the Victorian age, is characterized by a lower degree of conflict between the different political forces and for a series of democratic achievements that make the country the forefront. There are three themes fono:
• The problem of Ireland
• The constitutional restructuring
• Reforms to the benefit of workers
What is The Irish Question?
1) With regard to Ireland, in 1873 was founded a movement for independence attainment -Home Rule-whose program envisages that Ireland will become precisely autonomous province, with its own parliament, but Irish Protestants, worried about being pre-loaded by the Catholic majority, they show against. This project is intended to stay in the long unfulfilled, becoming less and less popular in England because of the perpetual violence of extremists Irish implementing a series of terrorist attacks.
In 1912 it was approved the Home Rule, despite opposition from conservatives and Protestants who ask to come off Catholic Ireland, however, disappointing that the Irish now aim to be completely independent. Only in 1921, after the car failed government, the counties of the island, with the exception of the northern ones that remain part of the UK with a government and an autonomous parliament, will be the state of the Irish Free, recognized as British rule.
Constitutional Restructuring and Social Reforms
2) The issue of restructuring the constitutional and social reforms that are connected and influence each other. This program consists of:
- Abolition of special legislation work
- Capacity of the strike and picketing
- New electoral law: the right to vote is granted to workers of agriculture, expanding the electorate → start of "municipal socialism" that allows to realize the collective management of public services and to create welfare institutions.
- Tax reform: introduction of the progressive income tax and inheritance tax. Thus the greatest tax burden now lies on the upper classes. The law was passed by the House of Commons. Superre for the opposition of the House of Lords you resort to a procedural reform for which he became executive every bill that, for the second time rejected by the upper house, is approved for two consecutive times from that of common → the center of power moves from the landed gentry to industrial groups, financial, commercial
- The establishment of a committee of labor representation in Parliament-Labour party → expansion of social legislation and social insurance vary port.
Domande da interrogazione
- What was the Home Rule movement in Ireland during the Victorian era?
- What were the key elements of tax reform during the Victorian era in England?
The Home Rule movement, founded in 1873, aimed for Ireland to become an autonomous province with its own parliament. However, it faced opposition from Irish Protestants and became less popular in England due to extremist violence. Despite the approval of Home Rule in 1912, full independence was only achieved in 1921, with Northern Ireland remaining part of the UK.
The tax reform introduced a progressive income tax and inheritance tax, shifting the tax burden to the upper classes. This reform was passed by the House of Commons and overcame opposition from the House of Lords through procedural changes, moving the center of power from the landed gentry to industrial, financial, and commercial groups.
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